Advantages & disadvantages
Tectonic activity & hazards
Tectonic plates
Distribution and types Plate boundaries Landforms Economic opportunities and adaptations - Case study: the Andes
Volcanoes
Shield & composite volcanoes Hotspots Hot springs and geysers Case study: Eyjafjallajökull 2010 Supervolcanoes
Earthquakes - case study
Location and cause Features LEDC - Haiti, 2010 MEDC - Christchurch, 2011 Prediction, preparation and protection
Tsunamis
Case study: Indian Ocean, 2004
Ecosystems and global environments
Components of an ecosystem
Biomes
Temperate deciduous forest Tropical rainforest Hot desert
Temperate deciduous forest - case study: Epping forest
Tropical rainforest - case study: Malaysian rainforest
Overview Deforestation Sustainable rainforest management
Economic opportunities in hot deserts - case study
LEDC - Thar desert MEDC - Sonoran desert
River processes
The shape of river valleys Fluvial processes Distinctive landforms The fluctuating amount of water in a river Flooding
Impacts & responses - case study
LEDC - North India floods, 2013 MEDC - Central Europe floods, 2013
River management Water transfer - Case study: China south-north water transfer project
Contemporary Population Issues
World population
National population
Population growth Demographic transition Population pyramids
Sustainable population growth - Case study
Problems China's one-child policy Kerala
Ageing population
Advantages & disadvantages Case study: France
Population movements
Causes and impacts Economic movements within the EU - case study - Poland to the UK Refugee movements to the EU - case study: Afghanistan to the UK
Contemporary issues in urban settlements
Urbanisation Urban land use in MEDCs
Probems in MEDCs
General Traffic management - Case study: London Inner city regeneration - Case study: London Docklands
Rapid Urbanisation
Development of squatter settlements Case study: Dharavi Problems and management
Sustainable urban living
Characteristics Case study: Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city
Geographical skills
Cartographic skills Graphical skills
Advantages & disadvantages
Contemporary Population Issues > Ageing population > Advantages & disadvantages
An ageing population creates challenges & opportunities
Challenges
There is a greater demand on health care since more illness occurs in old age
Other services are required to care for the elderly, such as nursing homes
Taxes must increase to fund this, as well as pensions
Pensions must last longer due to increasing life expectancy
Opportunities
Younger retired people contribute a great deal to the economy since they are relatively wealthy and have lots of leisure time to spend on travel & recreation, providing jobs in the service sector
Many do voluntary work and some still do paid work and pay taxes